Etymology of the word “Tartary”

Petr Dunayev

Where, etymologically, did the word “Tartaria” come from? Let’s follow the roots of this concept. Using etymological dictionaries, let’s start with Harper’s online dictionary; tart (1) – tart, sour; tart (adj.) (having a sharp taste); from the old English “teart” – painful, sharp, severe, rough (especially in relation to punishment); from the Germanic * ter-t-, from the PIE * der- (2) – split, flay, tear (by the way, “flay”), clean. 1675: TART (teart, Sax., Άταρτηρóς – destructive , harmful, cruel (according to Weismann) – sharp, spicy in taste, spicy to the tongue. Bix writes “unknown”, leading, in his opinion, the wrong etymology (Sturman, 1929) with some great form * ά ταρτος – not tedious, not frequent, but then τάρφος– forest thicket and ταρφύς – frequent, dense, ταρφέα – often, densely, the roots are “dr” / “tr”, cf. “Tree, grass”, i.e. “Rub” / “tear” and gr. δρύς – oak, tree; δóρυ – spear, tree; δρίος – thicket (wood – DRV – ΔPΥ, grass – TRV – TR?), then “tear” (for example, the throat tears from the sharp) – δρίμύς – piercing, sharp, caustic, bitter; ardent, strong, hot, hot, passionate, insightful, witty, cunning; δρίμύτης – sharpness, causticity; ardor, insight of the mind, wit, cunning, cf. same lat. “Dura” – solid, the same gr. δροίτη – trough, bath, coffin – to tear – DRT – ΔP (M) T. In contrast to Bix, Weismann tries to etymologize the word άταρτηρ and writes “byd. ητηρός? “, While” άτηρος “disastrous, harmful, poet. Wed more Ταράς, Τάραντος – Tarent, a city in southern Italy, now – Taranto; here probably means the Russian word with the same root – “strike”, cf. English “Thunder” – thunder and “Thor” – god of thunder. There are many derivative words from “tear”, for example, English. “ Retire ” – to leave, but in fact – “uderu”, “ retro ” – the past, here the Greek. δρóμος – running, running; δρóμω – run, quickly, hastily, a quick march (about the soldiers); competition in running, running, jumping; place for running, horse racing, running, race, parade ground (in front of the camp), portico, as a place for walking; move away from the goal (Weisman). Actually, the panic at the approach of the horde was powerful, so far from the Europeans, the hocks are shaking. But, not to be confused with Tartaria, it is most likely a “distance”; Wed Greek άτερ – separately, far, eng. ” Far“, Cf. from lat. “Terra” / “tellus” is the land, which, however, does not change the original essence. At the same time, through the efforts of writers and propagandists, like the same Matthew of Paris, the terrible Tartarus appeared. (1675): TARTAROUS (tartareux, Fr.) – belonging to Tartarus or related to tartar; TARTAREAN (tartarius, L.) – belonging to Tartar, the deepest place in hell; also “hellish, devilish.” For the first time – in dictionaries of the 17th – 18th centuries. For example, in the dictionary 1783 – Τάρτάρóς – a hole in underground areas. In the 1828 dictionary, simply “hell.” Liddell and Scott (mid-19th century): Τάρτάρóς , pl. h. Τάρταρα (lat. Tartarus, Tartara) – dark abyss, at the same depth under hell ( ΆιδδςHades, i.e. “Course”, “under”), on what ground is in relation to heaven, the dungeon of Kronos, the titan. Later, Tartarus is a lower (“ nether ”) world in general, like какιηΆ (Hades); damned areas, in relation to the Champs Elysian (Elysian) fields. Also (Kronos) is defined as the husband of Gaia (the earth, simply “the earth”, another form – “ γαιν, γεων ”) and the father of Typhon (typhoon); just awful; Ταρτάρειος – terrible. Well, actually, compare with “ Tartary“, Lat. “Terra, territorium”, eng. “Territory, terrain, terrace”. It turned out to be a play on words – “distance” and “hole” (by the way, the Russian word “tlo” is gender). Wherefrom terrible tartars appear from time to time and kick something to some people. Actually, more than 600 years are experiencing. 1675: TARTAR (tartarum, L.) is a type of salt formed in the production of wine; TARTAR Vitriolate – prepared by adding vitriol or tartar oil, resulting in a crystal white salt; Cream of TARTAR (Cremor tartari, L.) is a froth floating on the surface of a liquid that tartares boil. Salt of TARTAR (tartar salt); Oil of TARTAR – processed salt of tartar, dissolved. TARTARE, la tartare – a way to chick the chicks when they are cooked; To TARTARIZE (tartariser, Fr.) – cleansing tartar salt; TARTLY – sharp. Actually, vinegar is made from tartar. In other words, there is “tearing, tearing” everywhere, the same applies to “tartar sauce” – just hot sauce, fights. 1826: TARTAR, a superior, rough, military sloop disguised as a distressed merchant ship to repel enemy forces. Those. again “to tear”, but also “tartars” – too. The Dictionary of Greek Mythology, in fact, gives a modern definition, not much different from what it was in the 19th century:The space located in the very depths of the cosmos is below Hades. T. is so much separated from Hades, how much the earth is from the sky. If you throw a copper anvil from the sky to the ground, it would have flown to the ground in nine days. It would take her the same amount to fly from the ground to T. In T. the roots of the earth and the sea lie down, all ends and beginnings. It is surrounded by a copper wall, and the night surrounds it in three rows. In T. – the home of Nykta (Nights). Even the gods are afraid of the great abyss of T. In T. titans were defeated, defeated by Zeus. There they languish behind a copper door that is guarded by the hecatonheira. T. is the lower sky (as opposed to Olympus, the upper sky). Later, T. was rethought as the most remote place of Aida, where blasphemers and defiant heroes — Aload, Pirifoi, Ixion, Salmoneus, Sisyphus, Titius, Tantalus — are punished. Gaia generates from T. monstrous Typhon.

I bow to the fact that the word “Tatars” could also be borrowed, especially since no Tatars exist in the sense of a single people. Pallas singled out several types of Tatars (by language). Although, SW. Yeisk was brought out of “aunt”, see “Dictionary” on “T”, see Dahl’s article “Aunts”, and in Vasmer – “Tepu”. Here, with a negative sense, is a thief (thief). A connection with the “childish” tyatya is also possible, Dad, i.e. not only with Batu, but also with “titan”, “Totila” (Attila).

Note 1. By the way, this etymology also applies to the word “cake”, since initially a dry, roasted product, for details, see tart (2) in the “Dictionary”.

Note 2. There is a river with the same name. Wed English ” Torrent ” – stream “Wikipedia” (en.): Tartaro-Canalbianco-Po di Levante ( Latin : Tartarus (by Pliny) – a river in northeastern Italy; the only river that flows between the Adige River ( Italian,  Adige, Ech , Adige ( German  Etsch, Latin.  Athesis – “Tesha, I love or Silent” -? Dunaev) and the river Po ( / poʊ / ; Latin : Padus and Eridanus; Italian : Po [pɔ] ; ancient Ligurian : Bodincus or Bodencus; Ancient Greek : Πάδος and Ἠριδανός – again the “Ardent Don”? – Dunaev or “falling”) and flowing into the Adriatic Sea (they write that after the name of the city of Adria – Adria (among the Etruscans – Atria, Hatria – the description of Hekatei Miletsky), which was built on the shore of the dugout , tear, hole “, like Troy.) The first part is 52 kilometers long from its source to Torrenty, flows through the province of Verona and Mantua and is known as Tartaro, the second part, from Torrento (the settlement on the island, formed during the Adige spill, Wikipedia (It.) To Volta Grimana (Volta Grimana), flows through the province of Rovigo ( Rovigo) and better known as Canalbianco (White Channel) among the Italians and Venetians. The third part – from Volta Griman to the mouth, better known as Po di Levante (Eastern Po). The river starts from the hills to the south-east of Lake Garda,Άδρίας ), after another spill in Ficarolo, by the tributary of the Po River (1152). After the Malopera flood (Malopera) in 1438, the river again changed its course and new embankments were built. Since then, she is known as Canalbianco. The construction of the Porto-Vira lintel (Porto Viro) in 1604 finally divided the Po River and the Bianco Canal and the Po Eastern Channel (Po di Levante) became the end of the river.

Note 3 is a funny Wikipedia article that produces the words “tartar” from the ethnonym “Tatars”. However, it is not denied that the “Tatars” – a general concept for the Turkic peoples. And the whole article is built on the research of a certain Gorshenina (2014). At the same time – in French. ru.wikipedia.org/wiki