Strange dates and iffy radiocarbon tests.

This caught my eye because of Norwich – my maternal family city.

 

Gypsy paradox on the territory of England and its resolution

Tyurin A.M. 
Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences

Key words: Gypsies, England, radiocarbon dating, falsification.

1. Statement of the problem
The article [Tyurin, 2010, Gypsies] reviewed DNA data on European Roma. For samples characterizing the Bulgarian, Spanish, Lithuanian and Romanian Gypsies, the genochronological dating of a common ancestor of their Indian lineage was carried out. The number “not earlier than 600 years ago” has been received. In the framework of the New Chronology A.T. Fomenko and G.V. Nosovskiy [Site New Chronology] outlined the elements of the reconstruction of the early history of the Gypsies. In the second half of the 14th century, a group of Indian workers were involved in the construction of the pyramids in Egypt. She was a tribal clan specializing in some type of construction or related work. Upon completion of the construction of the pyramids, the ancestors of the Roma went to Europe and in 1417 reached Bulgaria. This “Egyptian episode” in the past of the Gypsies was the reason that they were considered Egyptians in Europe.Töpf , 2005] provides data formally disproving the results of the genochronological dating of a common ancestor of the Roma. It seems necessary to consider them.

2. Gypsy paradox
According to the results of archaeological excavations, remains from the tombs of the Castle Mall archaeological site in Norwich, England were studied. Their radiocarbon dating and genetic testing have been performed. Tested remains of 17 people, dating from about 10 century. Among them, the carrier of the mtDNA marker was detected, which is found in Europe only among Roma [ Töpf, 2005]. In accordance with the genetic and linguistic data, the Gypsy is home to Hindustan. In Traditional History, it was assumed that in the 10th century they first appeared in Byzantium. The first written evidence of the appearance of Roma in England is dated to the beginning of the 16th century. The discrepancy between written evidence and the results of radiocarbon dating of the tested remains (we called it a paradox) was explained by the authors on the basis of two hypotheses. “This is the case when it comes to the international community.” I.e, either the evidence is erroneous or in 9–10 there was the possibility of carriers of Gypsy genetic markers from Byzantium entering England. We will make a third hypothesis. Radiocarbon dating gives systemically rigorous results [Tyurin, 2005, Algorithms]. This was the reason for the discrepancy of approximately 500 years of its results and written evidence. 

3. Re-falsification of the radiocarbon date.
The remains of a person, the carrier of the gypsy genetic marker, are dated by the radiocarbon method 930-1050 years BC. [ Töpf, 2005]. This is the so-called calibrated radiocarbon date. In the description of the archaeological site [Norwich, Castle Mall] radiocarbon dates are given for a 95% confidence interval. Most likely, this also applies to the date that characterizes the remains of the Gypsy marker carrier. The results of its re-falsification are shown in Figure 1. The official radiocarbon calibration curve, calculated from dendrochronological data, gives systemically rigged results. That is, we argue that the curve is rigged. The real calibration curve was calculated by us from paleomagnetic data [Tyurin, 2005, Praktika, Gauge]. Fragments of these curves in digital form are shown in Figure 1. Re-falsification is extremely simple. It is necessary to move from the calendar years “930-1050 AD” to radiocarbon. This will be the interval 922-1140 BP (BP – before present, present = 1950). In this particular case there is a slight ambiguity. The interval 922-1140 BP should correspond to the intervals of 895-1150 and 1095-1115 calendar years. But it does not matter. The radiocarbon interval of 922-1140 BP on the real calibration curve corresponds to 1425-1525 calendar years. This is the result of re-falsification. It is fully consistent with the written evidence of the appearance of Roma in England. The radiocarbon interval of 922-1140 BP on the real calibration curve corresponds to 1425-1525 calendar years. This is the result of re-falsification. It is fully consistent with the written evidence of the appearance of Roma in England. The radiocarbon interval of 922-1140 BP on the real calibration curve corresponds to 1425-1525 calendar years. This is the result of re-falsification. It is fully consistent with the written evidence of the appearance of Roma in England.  

Figure 1. The results of the re-falsification of the radiocarbon calibrated date “930-1050 AD”. Explanations are given in the text.

4. Archaeological site of Castle Mall During the excavations at the archaeological site of Castle Mall, the remains of more than 400 people were studied [Norwich, Castle Mall]. They are divided into 5 groups. The burials of the Cemetery 1 group “A burial period that may be attributed to the Early or Middle Saxon period … a probable 7th century radiocarbon date.”. The 7th “radiocarbon” century after re-falsification gives rise to the 14th century (hereafter, the re-falsified dates are given without their errors). We note that the burials are not just dated, but attributed to the “to the Early or Middle Saxon period”. That is, they are “inscribed” in a particular era. The group Cemetery 2 is dated by the radiocarbon method of 8-9 centuries, which, after re-falsification, gives the end of the 14th century. 

For the group Cemetery 3, discrepancies of radiocarbon dates and dates on ceramics were obtained. This can be established in the late 10th century, although it is not possible to note that could have originated as early as the late 9th century. A duration of 1-155 years (95% confidence) is suggested. It has been noted that the graves contained a mid 11th-century pottery, Radiocarbon dates fell in the interval “875-1030 years”, and the dates on ceramics in the middle of the 11th century. Re-falsification of radiocarbon dates gives 1445 year. The chronological shift between the refusal date and the date on ceramics is about 400 years. In accordance with the New Chronology, there is a chronological shift in Russian history approximately equal to 410 years [Nosovsky, Fomenko, 2005, New Chronology of Russia]. It corresponds to it indicated by us chronological shift in English archeology. Ceramics of the mid-15th century in it is the reference for the mid-11th century. The same situation was revealed by us in the archeology of Novgorod on the Volkhov. The chronological shift in it is 391 years [Tyurin, 2009, Formal dating]. It corresponds to it indicated by us chronological shift in English archeology. Ceramics of the mid-15th century in it is the reference for the mid-11th century. The same situation was revealed by us in the archeology of Novgorod on the Volkhov. The chronological shift in it is 391 years [Tyurin, 2009, Formal dating]. It corresponds to it indicated by us chronological shift in English archeology. Ceramics of the mid-15th century in it is the reference for the mid-11th century. The same situation was revealed by us in the archeology of Novgorod on the Volkhov. The chronological shift in it is 391 years [Tyurin, 2009, Formal dating].
The Cemetery 4 group is dated “cal AD 980-1030 (95% probability) and cal out 990-1050 (95% probability).”. Re-falsification gives the very end of the 15th century. The Cemetery 5 group was not dated by the radiocarbon method. 
Thus, the burial of the archaeological site of the Castle Mall dates from the 14th to 15th centuries and characterizes the Saxon period in the history of England. As part of the reconstruction of the New Chronology, it should be attributed to the period of the conquest of the territory of England by the troops of Russia-Horde and the establishment of the corresponding statehood there.   
The archaeological site of Castle Mall includes the ancient city of Norwich with its castle. An annotation to the monograph “Norwich Castle: Excavations and Historical Survey 1987–98 (in four parts)” states the following. “Saxon streets, houses and graveyards; developed around 1100; by the townspeople into the castle precinct after the 13th century; “. The city castle was founded before the year 1100. In general, the archaeological chronology of the site corresponds to radiocarbon dates. Based on this, we can re-falsify archaeological dates. Re-falsification of the date “1100 year” gives the beginning of the 16th century. The 13th century corresponds to the re-falsified date “the end of the 16th century”.