From NC:

 

These questions no longer relate to chronology, but to reconstruction, so the answers are largely hypothetical. Nevertheless, they are interesting because they help to overcome the psychological prejudices that sometimes interfere with the perception of the new history of the Empire. We must say right away that the answers are simple and based on obvious considerations.

Firstly, starting from the 15th century, two coordinated ruling centers formed in the Great Empire. One – in Russia-Horde, also called Israel, the other was in Tsar-Grad, the capital of Ottomania = Atamania. Atamania, apparently, was also called Judea, since its capital was the gospel Jerusalem = Tsar Grad = Troy. In addition, the whole “Mongolian” Empire was sometimes called Israel or Judea, when they meant, respectively, the military aspects of its activities, or religious, religious. At the same time, Russia-Horde, mainly controlled Western Europe and Asia, and Osmania = Atamania – the Mediterranean, the Middle East and Africa. America, colonized at the end of the 15th century, was under the joint control of Russia-Horde and Ottomania = Atamania.

Secondly, an important cementing factor was the common Christian faith, widespread by the Horde Empire = Israel throughout the then world. The “Mongolian” missionaries, marching in the Israeli armies of the Crusaders = Horde, then created numerous branches of the Catholic Orthodox Church in the colonized territories, which ensured the spiritual unity of the population of the Empire. Religious community is one of those cornerstones upon which imperial power has been built for several hundred years. A single Christian church performed an important state function. That is why the Western European rebels of the XVI-XVII centuries of the Reformation era dealt the first blow to Orthodoxy precisely in order to split the Empire, see “Mastering America by Russia-Horde”, chap. 1. Success “

Thirdly, the foundation of the Empire lay its professional military organization, that is, Horde = Rat. It should not be thought that in every city or settlement of the “Mongolian” Empire, from China and Europe to Africa and America, there was a military garrison of Horde Cossacks. This was not necessary. Most likely, small but well-armed and trained military contingents concentrated only in some of the most significant centers, from where from time to time they made their trips to remote areas to collect tribute or punitive actions. From a psychological and educational point of view, it is precisely this form of government when professional troops appear only occasionally, but then they carry out the necessary measures quickly, clearly, publicly and toughly, and are especially effective. An important component of government in that era was the fear of citizens before the central distant power. It is clear that the constant presence of a military Horde detachment in every settlement is not at all necessary. This simply would not have been enough professional soldiers and weapons. At the same time, the rulers were well aware that a distant and seemingly invisible, but inevitable threat is often more effective than the constant deployment of troops in full view of the population. No wonder they say that fear has big eyes. The constant expectation is more terrifying than the real appearance of the army. The power, surrounded by a riddle, covered with a touch of mystery, arouses special respect. 

On the contrary, close contact with the troops living all the time right there, next to ordinary residents, creates an addictive effect harmful to the authorities. The inhabitants cease to be afraid and understand that the military are the same people, with their own shortcomings and, as it were, not so powerful. Fear goes away, is replaced by a calm and even neglectful attitude. The disappearance of fear leads to a loss of humility. That is why the Horde practice of relatively rare but regular raids of small professional garrisons in the remote territories of the Empire with the aim of establishing order, collecting tribute, as well as the necessary deterrence was much more literate. A few troops unexpectedly appeared, made a quick trial, punished the guilty, sometimes cruelly. And they soon disappeared just as suddenly, leaving behind fear and legends. The stories were passed on to the children, creating an aura of mystery and power of the distant “Mongolian” center. Literally, such a picture is painted for us by the “ancient” Russian chronicles, reporting on the “raids of detachments of bad Tatars”, from which cities and villages suffered. Later interpreters, such as Karamzin, presented us in such a distorted way with the usual Horde raids to collect tribute and check the imperial structures. Note that the descendants of the Horde conquerors formed the backbone of the nobility that has developed on the ground, for example in Western Europe, Japan, China, see the book “Empire”, ch.12: 12. from which cities and villages suffered. 

Fourthly, the stability of the Empire was based on the overwhelming military superiority of the Horde, which developed in the 14th century and provided the very possibility of such a grandiose colonization of the world, a similar to which it later never happened. Probably, at the beginning of the 14th century, in Russia, the Horde opened the industrial production of iron and gunpowder, which created firearms, including guns. The second factor was the Cossack cavalry, which grew up in the endless steppes of Russia-Horde. Apparently, there was nothing comparable outside of Russia. Light and heavy “Mongolian” cavalry, armed with muskets and accompanied by artillery, in fact did not meet resistance. As we already know from the example of the capture of Tsar Grad, that is, the Old Testament Jericho, in 1453, see “Bible Russia,” ch. 5: 3, if necessary, heavy artillery immediately advanced to the walls of especially stubbornly resisting cities, quickly breaking through any stone walls. However, it must be assumed that in most cases it was enough only to demonstrate power to fundamentally crush attempts at possible disobedience. All this ensured the sustainable management of the colonized territories.

The speed of transmission of military and administrative orders was limited, of course, by the transport capabilities of those times. But, firstly, as the annals tell us, the Horde has created a fairly effective network of roads and equestrian routes along them, see “New Chronology of Russia,” Introduction: 3. Secondly, the main task of the “Mongol” governors from America to China was to ensure order, collect tribute and send some part of it to the metropolis. All such functions did not require petty regulation from the center and were completely assimilated by the local administration without being reinforced daily by orders from Moscow or Tsar Grad. The messengers were sent on larger and more extraordinary issues. In these special cases, the couriers must have moved fast.

As we have already noted, another reason for the stability of the Empire in the XIV-XVI centuries was the reasonable distribution of economic functions between its different areas. Some built ships, others developed agriculture, and others developed arts and sciences, etc. A mutual exchange of labor products was organized. Everything went into a common imperial cauldron. Each area was interested in the sustainability of such a mechanism. Then, after the split of the Empire, such narrow specialization led to additional problems and wars, when in the XVII-XVIII centuries the heritage of the Empire was eagerly divided.